Academic Research Papers | CONTEMPORARY SOCIAL PROBLEMS PG. 2

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15222. CONTROVERSY OVER THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT'S FUNDING OF THE ARTS. This paper looks at the controversy stirred by the National Endowment for the Arts' funding of exhibitions of works by Robert Mapplethorpe and Andres Serrano, and the subsequent ruling that the NEA must consider "general standards of decency" when granting awards. Despite such problems, it is argued that the government should continue to fund the arts. 5 pages, 18 footnotes, 4 bibliographic references.		$35

15204. HOMELESSNESS. This paper covers the roots and scope of the problem, the causes of homelessness, and attempts made to deal with the problem. Argues that efforts to get "tough" do not resolve the root causes of the problem; there is a need for better policies and programs (including such things as job training, counseling and child daycare services), not punishment. 12 pages, 20 footnotes, 8 bibliographic references.		$84

15197. RADIOACTIVE WASTE DUMPSITES ON NATIVE AMERICAN RESERVATIONS. Some tribal leaders have invited the placement of dumpsites on their reservations in order to boost the local economy; however, there are others who argue against this practice on the basis of possible health risks, threats to the environment and charges of "environmental racism." 6 pages, 16 footnotes, 5 bibliographic references.		$42

15195. GAMBLING CASINOS ON NATIVE AMERICAN RESERVATIONS. Critics claim that the casinos encourage crime, corruption, compulsive gambling, tribal divisions, and other problems. However, this paper argues for allowing casinos because they are a sovereign right and provide various economic benefits. 7 pages, 22 footnotes, 6 bibliographic references.		$49

15189. BULLYING. The scope of the problem is discussed, as well as the types of victims, the variables associated with bullying, the consequences of bullying, and suggestions for ways to work toward overcoming the problem. Also included is a discussion of gender differences in the behaviors of both bullies and victims. 14 pages, 49 footnotes, 9 bibliographic references.		$98

15171. ARGUMENT AGAINST SCHOOL VOUCHERS. Various arguments against vouchers are discussed, including the fact that they take money from the public schools that need it. In addition, there is evidence that voucher programs don't work as intended, and there are flaws in the studies that claim to support them. Two charts (from a study comparing test scores for voucher students and public school students) are included as an appendix. 6 pages text + charts, 15 footnotes, 7 bibliographic references.		$42

15160. AIN'T NO MAKIN' IT (MACLEOD): AMBITION AND SOCIAL STATUS IN AMERICA. MacLeod's study is concerned with the impact of socioeconomic status (SES) on educational and vocational aspirations. This paper discusses MacLeod's views on how young people of low SES either accept or reject the dominant "achievement ideology," and on how "mediating variables" are needed for them to overcome structural constraints. Other studies and opinions regarding this issue are also referred to. 10 pages, 22 footnotes, 6 bibliographic references.		$70

15142. ARGUMENT AGAINST SCHOOL VOUCHERS. Various arguments against vouchers are discussed, including the fact that they take money from the public schools that need it. In addition, there is evidence that voucher programs don't work as intended, and there are flaws in the studies that support them. Two charts (from a study comparing test scores for voucher students and public school students) are included as an Appendix. 6 pages, 15 footnotes, 7 bibliographic references.		$42

15140. BAY AREA TRAFFIC CONGESTION: THE PROBLEM AND POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS. This investigation looks at the problem of traffic congestion in the San Francisco Bay Area and then considers possible solutions to address the gridlock problem. The first section provides an overview of the scope, magnitude, and causes of the Bay Area gridlock problem. The second section focuses on "solutions" to the problem, first reviewing the more "traditional" solutions encompassed within the current Bay Area transportation plan, and the looking closely at two non-traditional solutions – congestion pricing and telecommuting. It is recommended that congestion pricing be implemented on the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge and that telecommuting programs focus on high-tech industries in Silicon Valley and Southern Alameda counties. The parameters of the recommended programs along with their potential risks and barriers to implementation are discussed. 17 pages, 91 footnotes, 34 bibliographic references.		$119

15130. ELECTION REFORM. This paper provides an overview and analysis of election reform. The debate over the electoral college and discussion of campaign finance reform are excluded from this analysis which instead focuses on reforms to the voting process itself (e.g., ballot reform, voting machine reform, reforms to absentee voting processes, reforming the recount process, etc.). The analysis begins with an overview of the problems in the current system and the need for reform. Following this, the investigation considers specific reform measures (e.g., modernizing voting equipment, standardizing the voting process, modifying the hours of voting, etc.), their advantages and disadvantages, and likely impact on the overall fairness an accuracy of the voting process in America. 13 pages, 35 footnotes, 21 bibliographic reference.		$91

15118. TELECOMMUTING. This paper provides an overview and analysis of the current status of telecommuting in the United States. Defines telecommuting and outlines its history, discusses the varieties of telecommuting, its prevalence in certain industries and occupations, and outlines the current scope of telecommuting. Details the impact of telecommuting on workers, managers, and organizations, discussing both the benefits (e.g., productivity increases, reduced overhead costs, better employee retention, improvements in job satisfaction) and downsides (e.g., security issues, safety issues, impact on employee-supervisor relations) to telecommuting. KEYWORDS: telecommuting remote work virtual employment term paper. APA Style. 22 pages, 52 footnotes, 28 bibliographic sources. 5,299 words.		$133

15058. SCHOOL DISCIPLINE: UNRULY STUDENTS AND THE THREAT TO EDUCATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS. Drawing on recent educational literature and core concepts in educational sociology, this paper examines the problem of unruly, undisciplined students in the classroom and the teacher's responsibilities and limitations in addressing the problem. Discusses the current scope and perception of the problem of school violence and disorder, examines significant legal trends and rulings impacting school disciplinary procedures, outlines the current "zero-tolerance" model of school discipline and considers its limitations and the implications for educational effectiveness. 17 pages, 55 footnotes, 23 bibliographic references.		$119

15055. CULTURE & ETHNICITY IN BRITISH BROADCASTING & FILM. This research paper examines representations of cultural and ethnic differences in British broadcasting and film during the second half of the 20th century. The paper argues recent decades (particularly since the 1980s) have seen positive changes in the representation of cultural and ethnic differences in British broadcasting and film. The specific changes are illustrated through a discussion of representative films and British TV shows. Notwithstanding the positive changes, the paper concludes that both British society and the British media have a way to go before a truly complete sense of equality and diversity is attained. KEYWORDS: british film television broadcasting race ethnicity cultural differences racial strife blacks asians. MLA Style. 16 pages, 64 footnotes, 10 bibliographic sources.		$112

15046. ATTENTION-DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER AND THE USE OF RITALIN. Discusses the controversy over the use of the drug to control the problem. Covers the pro's and con's of the issue, and argues that Ritalin should still be used for those that need it, but urges caution in diagnosis and prescription. 7 pages, 19 footnotes, 6 bibliographic references.		$49

15018. FETAL TISSUE TRANSPLANTATION. This research paper examines the medical/scientific, ethical/moral and legal/policy concerns and issues surrounding human fetal cell transplantation and its medical applications. The paper begins with a summary and analysis of the international medical literature on fetal tissue transplantation research and applications. This section outlines the scientific rationale for fetal cell transplantation and draws upon both animal and human subject studies to summarize the proven and potential medical applications of fetal transplantation. The next section examines the ethical and moral aspects of fetal cell research. The analysis provides an overview of the major ethical issues, with a close focus on the link with abortion. Ethical issues unrelated to abortion, including commercialization of tissue transfers and the questions of brain tissue and personality, are also considered. The next section examines fetal tissue research policy and national politics. The politics of fetal tissue transplantation in the United States is compared with fetal tissue transplant politics in other countries, particularly Great Britain. A final section considers the future of fetal tissue transplantation, considering both its medical promises and its policy conundrums. KEYWORDS: fetal tissue transplantation stem cells medicine parkinsons abortion diabetes alzheimers controversy. APA Style. 58 pages, 272 footnotes, 89 bibliographic sources.		$133

15011. THE CASE FOR RACIAL PROFILING. This paper takes the controversial position that racial profiling – defined as the law enforcement practice of using race as one factor (but not the only factor) in the decision of whether to target an individual for a stop or investigation – has an acceptable and necessary place in American law enforcement. Following a brief overview of the current racial profiling controversy, this analysis presents an empirical and a legal argument in favor of the use of racial profiling. It is argued that racial profiling is empirically justified based on crime statistics showing the greater involvement of members of certain racial and ethnic groups in specific crimes. Based on a review of recent U.S. Supreme Court and U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals rulings, it is further argued that the judicious use of racial profiling by law enforcement agencies is legally defensible against both Fourth and Fourteenth Amendment claims. KEYWORDS: racial profiling police practices argumentative essay. Written 2000. APA Style. 14 pages, 53 footnotes, 24 bibliographic sources. 4,326 words.		$98

15009. TV VIOLENCE & CHILDREN. This paper examines the problem of television violence and its effect on young viewers. Following a breif overview of the current scope and distribution of violence on television, the investigation details what researchers have identified as the three potential primary negative effects of increased aggression, desensitization, and fear. The major theoretical models (social learning theory, priming, social development) explaining the transmission of these effects are outlined. Included is a critique of the argument that the viewing of violent TV contributes to violence in society. The analysis also examines the social, environmental, and contextual factors which influence the distribution of these negative effects. A concluding section considers the policy implications of the research. KEYWORDS: tv violence child development aggression term paper. Written 2000. APA Style. 16 pages, 87 footnotes, 39 bibliographical sources. 6,165 words.		$112

15005. THE CAUSES OF CRIME. Looking at both classical and contemporary theories, the analysis summarizes the major theories of criminal causation, beginning with early "spiritual" explanations for crime and extending through the classical school, the positivist school, and to contemporary environmentalist, individualist, and integrative theories on criminal behavior. Included among the specific theories considered are biological theory, strain theory, subcultural deviance theory, social learning theory, control theory, conflict theory, labeling theory, the theory of differential association, and biosocial theory. An emphasis is placed upon those theories which have been particularly influential in the United States. 24 pages, 115 footnotes, 44 bibliographic references.		$133

15004. POLICE BRUTALITY. This term paper presents a survey and analysis of police brutality in the United States. Includes a close focus on recent brutality scandals in the NYPD and LAPD. Examines some of the common themes in police brutality cases, considering the role of racism, excessive restraints, and other factors. Identifies impediments to addressing the problem, including the “blue wall of silence” amongst officers and the lack of transparency and public disclosure in investigations. Makes recommendations for change. KEYWORDS: police brutality blue wall police community relations essay. Written 2000. APA Style. 15 pages, 62 footnotes, 19 bibliographic sources. 5,500 words.		$105

15002. THE CANADIAN HEALTH CARE SYSTEM. This paper will provide an overview and analysis of the past, present and future of Canada's health care system. Following an overview of the history and evolution of the Canadian health care system, the investigation examines current conditions in Canada's health care system and details recent efforts towards reform. Major problem areas, including patient satisfaction, provider satisfaction, funding, and service delivery delays are identified and discussed. The current state of the Canadian health system is considered within an international context, with direct comparisons to the U.S. health care system in particular and additional comparative references to the national health systems in Britain, Europe, Japan and Australia. The concluding section identifies future trends in Canadian healthcare and makes recommendations for system reform. 25p., 86f., 34b.		$133

14078. DIFFERENTIAL ASSOCIATION THEORY AND SCHOOL VIOLENCE. Applies Sutherland's theory to the idea that school violence is caused by peer pressure and related factors. It is also argued that the theory helps explain gender differences in juvenile violence, and some suggestions for alleviating school violence are considered. 20 pages, 26 footnotes, 15 bibliographic references.		$133

14068. RACE AND POVERTY IN CITIES. This paper considers the current state of the political economy of urban America, with a close focus on the central city and the issues related to race and poverty. The first section provides a general overview of poverty and race in the central city. The next section considers some of the major theoretical approaches to explaining urban poverty. The concluding section examines the parameters (including some of their weaknesses and/or problems) of current and past approaches to attempting to 'fix' the urban poverty problem. KEYWORDS: urban poverty political economy cities racism term paper. APA Style. 13 pages, 54 footnotes, 18 bibliographic sources. 3,847 words.		$91

14055. FAMILY FRIENDLY ORGANIZATIONS. This paper provides an overview and analysis of “work-family” issues (considering the topic from its more inclusive term of “work-life”) and their impact on the organization, in terms of making the organization more “family-friendly”. The first section provides a general overview of the history and evolution of “work/family” concepts and traces the demographic and organizational/work changes which have spurred the focus on these issues. The next section surveys the current status of “family-friendly” policies and practices in organizations, looking at the scope and breadth of these programs and considering factors such as barriers to implementation as well as benefits accruing to the organization and the individual as the result of family-friendly policies and practices. A concluding section examines the future issues in the “family-friendly” organization. KEYWORDS: work family conflict family friendly organizations term paper. APA Style. 24 pages, 62 footnotes, 35 bibliographical sources. 6,219 words.		$133

14037. POLICE CORRUPTION. This termpaper provides an overview and analysis of the problem of police corruption in the United States. Following a survey of corruption scandals across the country (including the LAPD’s Ramparts scandal), the analysis summarizes the common themes in the corruption scandals, discusses the nexus between police corruption and brutality, considers the major factors which contribute to the problem, and looks at some of the recommendations for addressing the problem. KEYWORDS: police corruption brutality corrupt officers LAPD NYPD scandals. APA Style. 12 pages, 31 footnotes, 22 bibliographic sources. 4,166 words.		$84

14014. TEENAGE PREGNANCY. This paper discusses the extent of the problem, as well as the various factors that contribute to it. The controversy over whether teens should be taught abstinence or sex education is discussed, as well as the role of parental influence and suggestions for programs and campaigns to address the problem. 7 pages, 24 footnotes, 6 bibliographic references.		$49

14013. THE AFFIRMATIVE ACTION CONTROVERSY AND THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN. A paper on the reverse discrimination lawsuits facing the university and its defense of a policy that seeks greater diversity in education, on the basis that diversity benefits not just minority students but all students and society as a whole. Six of the sources used are expert testimonies obtained directly from the University of Michigan web site. 11 pages, 23 footnotes, 9 bibliographic references.		$77

14000. THE PROBLEM OF VIOLENCE AND THE ISSUE OF GUN CONTROL. This paper considers the policy recommendations that would probably be made by representatives of three major sociological perspectives (functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism). It is concluded that policy making should not be limited to any one theoretical approach; it should be flexible and make use of the best that each theory has to offer. 13 pages, 27 footnotes, 9 bibliographic references.		$91

13997. SOCIAL TRANSFORMATION & CORPORATIONS. Focusing on the executive ranks and the corporate board, this paper investigates social/demographic changes in the American corporation during the last quarter of the 20th century (1975—2000). Concludes that the reality of “workplace diversity” has not hit the executive ranks. Minorities and women remain grossly under-represented and have made only minimal progress in moving into top-ranking positions. KEYWORDS: social demographic change corporate sector term paper. APA Style. 31 pages, 82 footnotes, 36 bibliographic sources. 8,487 words.		$133

13972. BIOLOGICAL BASIS OF RAPE. This research paper, which provides an overview and analysis of rape and rapists, utilizes a review of recent scholarly literature to test the hypothesis that rape has a genetic/biological basis. The paper focuses on the rapist and on rape behavior versus the rape victim and the consequences of rape. Included is an analysis and discussion of alternative hypotheses explaining the etiology of rape, such as psychological, personality, environmental and cultural causes as well as an overview of the varieties of rape. The essay concludes that rapists are a heterogeneous group and that while genetic/biological factors constitute a contributory factor in certain rape subcategories, the etiology of rape can best be conceptualized within a multi-factorial model which considers the varying contributions of biological, psychological, social, and cultural factors. KEYWORDS: rape rapists sex offenders causes biology term paper. APA Style. 54 pages, 169 footnotes, 60 bibliographic sources. 14,550 words.		$133

13943. THE ABORTION DEBATE AND DIFFERING VIEWS ON MOTHERHOOD. This paper examines the film Citizen Ruth and the book Abortion and the Politics of Motherhood (Kristen Luker). These sources are used to argue that the social backgrounds of pro-life and pro-choice activists have resulted in the two sides having irreconcilable viewpoints on the role of motherhood and the subject of abortion. 8 pages, 10 footnotes, 2 bibliographic references.		$56

13887. CULTURAL DIFFERENCES IN ATTITUDES TOWARDS ALCOHOLISM: THE U.S. AND THE FORMER SOVIET UNION. Compares and contrasts the public perception and social policies towards alcoholism in the United States and the former Soviet Union. Argues that the Soviets' traditional approach to alcoholism was that it was a "social problem" amenable to treatment with social/political policies such as taxes, restrictions in production, and education. Attempts in the 1980's to limit production proved fruitless because of the Soviet public's attitude towards drinking as a "right." Notes that the Soviets began moving towards a U.S.-style medical model of alcoholism in the late 1980's. 10 pages, 26 footnotes, 11 bibliographic sources.		$70

13877. ALCOHOL ABUSE AND CHILD ABUSE. This paper investigates the complex and multi-faceted relationship between alcohol abuse and child abuse/neglect. The first section presents an overview of the link between parental alcoholism and/or alcohol abuse and child abuse. The next section examines the theoretical explanations for the link between alcohol and domestic violence. A third section looks at alcoholism and alcoholism in adults as a consequence of child abuse. 13 pages, 35 footnotes, 18 bibliographic references.		$91

13805. HOMELESSNESS AND WOMEN. Examines the problem of homelessness among American women and their children, considering the social and economic factors leading to homelessness and profiling the programs and policies aimed at assisting homeless women. The paper focuses on the failure of social welfare programs designed to aid women and children find shelter. 13 pages, 18 footnotes, 12 bibliographic sources.		$91

13801. DRUGS SHOULD BE LEGALIZED. Argues in favor of the legalization of all currently illegal drugs as controlled substances. Offers three main arguments for legalization: 1) the supply of illegal drugs and the demand for them can never be stopped; 2) law enforcement and social service systems cannot cope with the problems of underground drug use; and 3) the social and medical costs of continuing the 'war on drugs' far outweighs the potential risks of legalizing and controlling drugs. 7 pages, 3 footnotes, 3 bibliographic sources.		$49

13734. THE DEBATE ON GUN CONTROL. An overview of the major players involved in pro- and anti-gun control lobbying efforts. Includes a discussion of the National Rifle Association's arguments against gun control and an examination of the Police Officer and Police Chief Association's strategy to pass pro-gun control initiatives like the Brady Bill. 6 pages, 3 footnotes, 5 bibliographic references.		$42

13729. "RESTORING HOPE" (WEST) AND "WHY ARE ALL THE BLACK KIDS SITTING TOGETHER IN THE CAFETERIA?" (TATUM). A comparison of how these two books treat racial issues in the U.S. Both books cover similar topics; however, whereas West’s conversations with prominent African Americans are inspiring, Tatum’s book is more useful in explaining race issues because it is more comprehensive in scope and it makes better use of scholarly evidence. 8 pages, 18 footnotes, 2 bibliographic references.		$56

13718. PREGNANT WOMEN AND DRUG USE: IMPACT ON THE FETUS. This study investigates the potential relationship between drug use by expectant mothers and the appearance of developmental disabilities in their offspring. Through an analytical review of the empirical literature on fetal drug exposure, the investigation tests the hypothesis that there is a positive correlation between expectant mothers' drug/alcohol abuse and the occurrence of a wide range of development disabilities in their offspring. Concludes that there is significant support for the hypothesis in terms of alcohol, heroin, cocaine, and tobacco use by pregnant women. 14 pages, 14 footnotes, 26 bibliographic sources.		$98

13697. DISCRIMINATION IN THE WORKPLACE: GENDER, RACE, SEXUAL ORIENTATION. A brief and general overview of the different patterns, perceptions and effects of workplace discrimination, along with a brief evaluation of current proposed solutions for the problem with a special focus on gender discrimination. Provides current statistics on the scope of the problem. 5 pages, 11 footnotes, 9 bibliographic references.		$35

13652. ALCOHOLISM AND MARRIAGE. An investigation and review of literature on the impact of alcoholism on marriage, viewing the disease in its social context as a part of the marriage relationship and as a significant factor in the dynamics of the "alcoholic family." Argues that the alcoholic marriage is impacted by alcoholism in three main ways: 1) through its role as a dysfunctional element; 2) as a source of co-dependency or mutual addiction; and 3) as a disease process. 19 pages, 29 footnotes, 21 bibliographic sources.		$133

13646. SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES OF MAKING ABORTION ILLEGAL. This paper demonstrates how the outlawing of abortion would be a dangerous, inhumane and destructive decision. Abortion will not be seen as just a "human right," since such personal decisions of life and death ultimately transcend all narrow legal concepts, but as a practical moral necessity. 5 pages, 7 footnotes, 8 bibliographic references.		$35

13632. WORKFARE & WELFARE REFORM. Focusing on the changes implicit in U.S. welfare policy since the passage of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996, this paper presents an overview and analysis of workfare. The analysis considers the social, economic and political imperatives leading to a change in the relationship between work and welfare, profiles the central features of new workfare programs, and assesses the impact of the welfare reform legislation. KEYWORDS: welfare reform workfare term paper. APA Style. 17 pages, 46 footnotes, 28 bibliographic sources.		$119

13611. COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT VERSUS ELITIST POLITICS: THE CASE OF URBAN EMPOWERMENT ZONES. This paper examines the issue of community power and urban poverty reduction from the perspective of the urban Empowerment Zone program. The analysis begins with a review of the literature on urban poverty, theories of community empowerment and the theoretical impact of empowerment on poverty. The second part of the paper presents a research design for the study of empowerment zone impact in the six initial urban empowerment zones. The proposed study aims at elucidating the local political forces underlying the relative success or failure of the empowerment zone projects in the designated urban areas. Based on a review of media reports, evaluative studies, and empirical investigations of empowerment zone operations to date, preliminary data are presented and tentative findings/conclusions discussed. 31p. 141f. 50b.		$133

13610. AMERICA'S ATTITUDES ON THE RIGHT OF HOMOSEXUALS TO ADOPT. Analyzes data from opinion polls, research studies and court decisions to see if attitudes have changed recently. Finds that, although Americans have become more positive about homosexuals having equal rights in family-related issues, such as adoption. 10p. 30f. 11b.		$70

13576. HEROIN DEPENDENCY. A review and analysis of the problem of heroin dependency. Defines Heroin addiction, describes its signs and symptoms, discusses its consequences for the individual and society; analyzes the physiological, psychological, and sociological factors underlying its causation; and profiles traditional (methadone maintenance) and alternative treatment approaches. Concludes that political factors and discriminatory attitudes towards addicts have precluded the widespread implementation of effective treatment programs. 17p., 38f., 15b.		$119

13574. DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN THE ELDERLY COMMUNITY. This report provides an overview and analysis of the problem of spouse (married and common-law) abuse among the elderly. Following an overview of the topic and a discussion of its impact on the elderly, the analysis considers the possible causes of abuse and examines possible solutions and/or treatment interventions to deal with the problem. 16p., 37f., 18b.		$112

13499. CHANGING THE U.S. HEALTH SYSTEM. This essay responds to the question, “If you could make one change in the U.S. health care/delivery system, what would it be?” The proposed change is a shift from the belief of health care as a privilege to one of health care as a right. The analysis considers both the grounds for the recommended change and the consequences of the change, including the issue of whether the change might necessarily produce both “winners” and “losers." 7p. 15f. 6b.		$49

13389. REHABILITATION OF CRIMINALS AND ALTERNATIVES TO INCARCERATION. This paper provides an overview and analysis of the rehabilitative model of criminal justice and its application in terms of the use of alternatives to incarceration. The analysis begins with an overview of the rehabilitative model and societal and criminal justice attitudes towards punishment. The next section describes various types of alternative intervention programs. Following this is a review of the efficacy of these programs and recommendations of how alternatives to incarceration might be most effectively implemented. 12p. 49f. 24b.		$84

13314. THE EFFECT OF DETERRENCE ON THE CRIME RATE. This paper reacts to the claim that the threat of punishment has caused the recent reduction in the crime rate. It is argued that deterrence is not effective in reducing crime and that the idea is based on a false assumption about human rationality. Other possible explanations for reduced crime, such as demographic changes, are also discussed. 11p., 38f., 6b.		$77

13259. THE LEGALIZATION OF HEROIN. Discusses the pros and cons of the issue, as well as drug toleration programs that have been tried in various countries. Concludes that harm-reduction policies are more effective than imprisonment in dealing with heroin addiction. 10p., 26f., 9b.		$70

13233. HEROIN AND CRIME. Examines evidence from studies showing the extent of crime and types of crimes committed. Also discusses policy implications, and argues for the allocation of treatment to those who are most likely to succeed. 11p., 29f., 7b.		$77

13194. SCHOOL VIOLENCE. This report provides an overview and analysis of the problem of school violence, with a particular emphasize on school violence at the K-6th grade (elementary) level. This introductory section provides definitions and background information on the scope of the problem followed by a discussion of the significance and importance of the problem. The next section presents a thematic review of the literature, looking at topics such as the presumed causes of school violence, risk factors for school violence, and the range of interventions used to address the problem. A concluding section summarizes the findings and makes recommendations. 12p., 53f., 26b.		$84

13187. CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE. From the perspective of a social worker, examines the various signs of sexual abuse and the family situations that increase the potential for abuse. Also discusses the attitudes of offenders, the expected behaviors of sexually abused children, and various approaches to treatment. 11p., 27f., 6b.		$77

13183. SAME-SEX MARRIAGES AND DOMESTIC PARTNER BENEFITS. Analyzes the pro and con views on this issue and argues that not allowing same-sex marriages is a form of discrimination. Also argues that providing domestic partner benefits is good for business, and notes that many companies and city governments have started providing such benefits. 28p., 73f., 15b.		$133

13181. WHAT THE US CAN LEARN FROM OTHER HEALTHCARE SYSTEMS. This essay considers what the U.S. can learn from the experiences of other countries in the establishment and maintenance of an affordable system of healthcare which equitably distributes high-quality services to the entire population. Prior to elaborating some of the specific things that U.S. healthcare policymakers might learn from other systems, the analysis considers both the limitations and the opportunities for learning from other countries. 6p., 15f., 5b.		$42

13172. THE CONTROVERSY OVER BILINGUAL EDUCATION. This paper analyzes the bilingual education controversy, tracing the history of bilingual education in the United States, examining the arguments for and against bilingual education, and surveying the research literature on the outcome (effectiveness) of bilingual education. Concludes that the current model of bilingual education is ineffective. KEYWORDS: bilingual education ESL students term paper. APA Style. 20p., 34f., 16b.		$133

13163. CONFLICT IN THE WORKPLACE. This term paper examines the issue of conflict in the modern, evolving organization. The essay describes some of the major sources of conflict in the workplace, considers whether or not conflict is an inevitable component of the modern workplace (and if so, whether or not conflict is necessarily a bad thing), and deliberates if and how conflict can be eliminated by good management. KEYWORDS: work employees conflict management violence workplace. APA Style. 12p., 26f., 16b.		$84

13162. SAME-SEX MARRIAGES AND DOMESTIC PARTNER BENEFITS. Analyzes the pro and con views on this issue and argues that not allowing same-sex marriages is a form of discrimination. Also argues that providing domestic partner benefits is good for business, and notes that many companies and city governments have started providing such benefits. 28p., 73f., 15b.		$133

13126. MANAGED CARE: IMPACT ON THE POOR. This report investigates the question of whether poor people - a group which has historically faced many disadvantages in the health care system - will be better off under managed care. Considers the growing dominance of managed care in both the private and public sectors, examines the poor's access to health care, and considers quality of care issues. Concludes that the growing dominance of managed care will reduce the poor's access to care and will increasingly pigeon-hole them within a second-class system of health care. 15p., 28f., 16b.		$105

13101. DRUG TESTING IN THE WORKPLACE. Discusses the laws, cases and controversies relating to this issue, with emphasis on the views of union leaders and employees. Includes such concerns as collective bargaining, invasion of privacy, inaccuracy of tests, opposition to random testing, and support for treatment of those found to be drug users. The paper also includes four tables showing survey data on the opinions of union workers. 26p. 89f. 14b.		$133

13099. AGE DISCRIMINATION IN THE WORKPLACE. Studies have shown that negative stereotypes persist despite laws prohibiting this type of discrimination. The paper includes a discussion of Supreme Court decisions on the matter and how these decisions have placed limits on both plaintiffs and defendants. A recent trend toward hiring older workers is also noted, and recommendations are made to help employers avoid lawsuits. 13p. 48f. 10b.		$91

13089. NON TRADITIONAL FAMILIES: IMPACT ON CHILDREN. Based on a review of recent scholarly literature on family structure, this report examines how the recent changes in family structure and the evolution of "alternative" family structures has affected children. The first section begins with an overview of the impact of divorce, re-marriage, and step-family arrangements on children. The next section focuses on the single parent family structure and its impact on children. Included is a look at the changing structure of the single parent family itself (e.g., the rapid increase in the proportion of "never married" single parent, the growing proportion of single father families, etc.), racial differences in single parent family composition, and the differential impact (if any) of single father versus single mother family structures. A third section looks closely at the affect of gay and lesbian parental structures on children. The concluding section considers the overall affect of family structure on children. 21p., 93f., 35b.		$133

13026. THE FAILURE TO ERADICATE POVERTY IN THE UNITED STATES. An analysis of why the United States has failed to eradicate poverty. Considers whether the persistence of poverty can be attributed to the government's inconsistent and/or ineffective efforts to eliminate it, or whether the problem is simply intractable, or whether the failure stems from some other reason. Focuses on possible solutions in the implementation of paternalistic welfare policies as advocated by Mead (1992, 1997) and other conservative analysts. 14p. 16f. 5b		$98

12735. THE EFFECTS OF HEROIN ADDICTION ON THE FAMILY. Discusses various ways in which addiction disrupts family life, as well as the role of the family in the rehabilitation process. Also considers the special problems that arise when parents (especially mothers) are addicted to heroin. 6p. 24f. 7b.		$42

12729. AMERICA'S NEW NON-TRADITIONAL FAMILIES: THE IMPACT ON CHILDREN. Careful, statistically-based survey of the emotional question of whether children in dual-worker, divorced, and single-parent families are "worse off" than children in "traditional" families where Mom is a full-time homemaker. Begins with detailed analysis of census data to show that 70% of America's 32 million households with children are "non-traditional," with exact stats on the various categories, including post-1945 histories of women's labor force participation, divorce and remarriage, and births to single mothers of various races. The study treats carefully through studies on causation of the evidence that children in single-parent families perform worse than children of two-parent families, showing that family income and histories of family disruption account for most of the differences observed, and also considers the evidence that both the rich and the poor suffer from America's child care situation, while the best child care actually improves children's performance compared to the average family. Concludes that type of family structure is one of the most important influences on outcomes of individuals, but that individual cases must still be considered individually with a myriad of variables. 7p. 10b. 22f.		$49

12728. AMERICA'S NEW NON-TRADITIONAL FAMILIES: THE IMPACT ON CHILDREN. Careful, statistically-based survey of the emotional question of whether children in dual-worker, divorced, and single-parent families are "worse off" than children in "traditional" families where Mom is a full-time homemaker. Begins with detailed analysis of census data to show that 70% of America's 32 million households with children are "non-traditional," with exact stats on the various categories, including post-1945 histories of women's labor force participation, divorce and remarriage, and births to single mothers of various races. The study treats carefully through studies on causation of the evidence that children in single-parent families perform worse than children of two-parent families, showing that family income and histories of family disruption account for most of the differences observed, and also considers the evidence that both the rich and the poor suffer from America's child care situation, while the best child care actually improves children's performance compared to the average family. Concludes that type of family structure is one of the most important influences on outcomes of individuals, but that individual cases must still be considered individually with a myriad of variables. 12p. 10b. 22f.		$84

12711. EUTHANASIA AS A SOCIAL POLICY. This report makes the case for the legalization of euthanasia (mercy-killings) within a strictly controlled and monitored system. Traces the history of euthanasia and changing social attitudes towards mercy killing with the advancement in life-sustaining medical technologies. Recommends a framework of standards and guidelines similar to that adopted in the Netherlands and cautions that the decision to invoke the euthanasia option must always be individualized. 15p. 23f. 18b.		$105

12698. TELEVISION RATINGS. Argues that the current system is inadequate for providing parents with the information they need to protect their children. Urges the use of codes that show levels of violent and sexual content in TV shows. 6p., 26f., 6b.		$42

12673. A STATE POLICY TO PREVENT HIGH SCHOOL DROPOUTS. This paper presents a proposal for the implementation of a state-level policy for preventing high school dropouts and increasing high school completion rates. The analysis begins with a comprehensive overview of the problem of dropouts - its scope, its major components, its causes, and its impact. Following this is a statement of the priority objectives of the proposed policy. The analysis then draws on the educational literature and the experience of various states in their implementation of dropout prevention programs to present and evaluate three alternative strategies which might plausibly meet the objectives. A recommendation and rationale for the implementation of one alternative (an alternative schools program) is presented. The concluding sections discuss policy implementation and evaluation. 26p., 41f., 22b.		$133

12647. SOCIAL STRATIFICATION IN THE UNITED STATES. This paper addresses the question of whether social stratification in the United States is becoming more or less fluid. The argument is advanced that while on some measures - notably education - there has been a significant shift away from ascription and towards achievement in status attainment, the net impact on fluidity has been negligible. Additional arguments against fluidity presented include multiple indicators of increasing social inequality and the growing evidence of the formation of a socially immobile underclass. A concluding section considers possible measures the US government might take to increase the fluidity of social stratification. KEYWORDS: social mobility social stratification us class inequity underclass. APA Style. 11p., 45f., 25b.		$77

12644. LEGAL ISSUES IN SURROGATE MOTHERHOOD. This paper examines how different states have handled the legal implications of surrogate motherhood (through both statute and case law), focusing on two main issues: 1) legal rights of maternity in surrogacy cases (i.e., are the rights of maternity conveyed on the surrogate/gestational mother or on the genetic and/or "intended" mother); and 2) whether or not surrogacy agreements are legally enforceable contracts. Following a brief overview of the definition and variations of surrogate motherhood, these two legal issues are considered through a comparison and analysis of case law and state statutes on surrogacy. 18p., 72f., 64b.		$126

12595. CELEBRITY ROLE MODELS. Discusses their influence on socialization and the development of self-concept. Also discusses identification with negative celebrity role models and the need for young people to be taught that celebrities are not infallible and that "everyday heroes" can also be role models. 17p., 34f., 21b.		$119

12576. AN ARGUMENT AGAINST TEENAGE SEX. Discusses such threats as disease, pregnancy, and negative personal and social consequences. Urges that abstinence should be taught rather than "safe-sex." 10p., 35f., 8b.		$70

12534. "LITTLE LAMB, WHO MADE THEE?" Analysis of 1997 Newsweek article on the first successful cloning of a sheep, a scientific development with ethical, economic, political, and legal implications. The article is found to be informative, especially in its use of analogy to explain the topic. 6p., 21f., 3b.		$42

12534B. "THE AGE OF CLONING." Analysis of the 1997 Time article on the economic, educational, and legal implications of new cloning technologies. The article is found to be informative and well-rounded and it concludes with an optimistic view on the future of cloning. 5p. 22f. 3b.		$35